Ukuze abantu abangakwazi ukuthola izingane ngezindlela zemvelo babe nezingane, Ukwelashwa kwe-IVF isetshenziswa. I-in vitro fertilization iyindlela yokusiza yokuzala. Imibhangqwana engakwazi ukuthola abantwana ngenxa yezinye izifo ezifana nokuguga, ukungazali okungaziwa ukuthi kudalwa yini, ukungenwa yizifo kwabesifazane, ukwehla kwesidoda kwabesilisa, ukuvinjwa kwamashubhu kwabesifazane, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungaba nezingane ngale ndlela. Sizokukhanyisela ngokwelashwa kwe-IVF, okuvumela imibhangqwana engakwazi ukuba nezingane ukuthi ibe nalo muzwa.
Namuhla, iphakathi kwezindlela zokwelapha ezikhethwa kakhulu zokungabi nabantwana. I-IVF Ukwelashwa kuhamba phambili. Kule ndlela yokwelapha, amangqamuzana okuzala abesilisa nabesifazane ahlanganiswa endaweni yaselabhorethri. Amaqanda avundisiwe endaweni yaselabhorethri afakwa esibelethweni sikamama. Ngale ndlela, ithuba lokukhulelwa kwezingane liyakhula ngenqubo yokufaka ama-artificial insemination.
Ukuze kwenziwe ukwelashwa kwe-IVF, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokuqoqa amaqanda, okungamangqamuzana okuzala wesifazane, nesidoda, okungamangqamuzana okuzala wesilisa, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngemva kokuba ukuzala sekuphelile ngendlela enempilo, iqanda lizoqala inqubo yokuhlukanisa. Kulesi sigaba, ngemva kokuba iqanda elivundisiwe kulindeleke ukuba liguquke libe isakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi umbungu, umbungu ufakwa esibelethweni sikamama. Lapho umbungu unamathela ngempumelelo esibelethweni sikamama, inqubo yokukhulelwa iqala. Ngemva kokunamathiselwa kombungu, inqubo iqhubeka njengokukhulelwa kwemvelo.
Indlela ye-IVF Ngemva kokuba amaqanda evundisiwe endaweni yaselabhorethri, angafakwa esibelethweni ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngendlela ye-IVF yakudala, isidoda neqanda kushiywa eceleni endaweni ethile futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zizivundise ngokwazo. Enye indlela ibizwa nge-microinjection application. Ngale ndlela, ama-sperm cells ajovwa ngqo esitokisini seqanda kusetshenziswa ama-pipette akhethekile.
Iyiphi kulezi zindlela ezimbili ezokhethwa inqunywa odokotela abangochwepheshe ngokwezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye zabashadile. Inhloso yale nqubo yokwelapha ukukhulelwa bese kuba ukukhulelwa okunempilo. Kulokhu, ukuhlinzeka ngendawo efaneleke kakhulu kuyindaba ebalulekile.
Iyini i-IVF?
Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwe-IVF, ingqamuzana leqanda elithathwe kumama kanye nesidoda esithathwe kubaba kuhlanganiswa ndawonye endaweni yaselabhorethri ngaphandle kwesimiso sokuzala sowesifazane. Ngale ndlela, kutholakala umbungu onempilo. Ngokufakwa kwe-embryo etholakala esibelethweni sikamama, inqubo yokukhulelwa iqala, njengabantu abakhulelwa ngokujwayelekile.
Kufanele Imibhangqwana Icabange Nini Ukwelashwa kwe-IVF?
Abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-35 ubudala futhi abangenazo izinkinga ezingase zibavimbele ekukhulelweni kufanele bahlolwe lapho bengakwazi ukukhulelwa naphezu kokuya ocansini okungavikelekile futhi njalo unyaka owodwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa uma kunesidingo.
Abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35 noma abake baba nenkinga phambilini engabavimbela ukuba bakhulelwe kufanele babonane nodokotela uma bengakwazi ukukhulelwa ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 bezama. Uma ukukhulelwa kungenzeki phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-6, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokwelashwa ezidingekayo ngokushesha ukuze iminyaka ingaqhubeki phambili futhi isikhathi asilahleki.
Uyini Umehluko Phakathi Kokugoma Nokwelashwa Kwe-IVF?
Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwe-in vitro fertilization ezimweni zokuzala okuhlobene nabesilisa nokunganqunywanga ukwelashwa kokugoma okukhethayo. Enqubweni yokugoma, njengasekwelashweni kwe-IVF, ama-ovari abesifazane ayakhuthazwa. Ngemva kokuba amaqanda eqhephukile, izidoda ezithathwe kowesilisa zifakwa esibelethweni ngensimbi ebizwa ngokuthi i-cannula.
Kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi okungenani ishubhu elilodwa labesifazane livuliwe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nenqubo yokugoma. Kuphinde kube yindaba ebalulekile ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwesidoda emadodeni ijwayelekile noma isondele kokujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesifazane akufanele abe ne-endometrial pathology ezovimbela ukukhulelwa.
Injani Inqubo Yokwelashwa Kwe-IVF?
Abesifazane abaya esikhathini njalo bakhiqiza iqanda elilodwa inyanga ngayinye. Isicelo se-IVF Kulokhu, izidakamizwa zangaphandle ze-hormonal zinikezwa ukwandisa inani lamaqanda akhiqizwa ngumama. Nakuba izinqubo zokwelapha zihluka komunye nomunye, ngokuyisisekelo kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili zokwelashwa ezihlukene zama-hormone ezihlinzeka ngokuthuthukiswa kweqanda futhi zivimbele ukuvuthwa kweqanda esikhathini sokuqala.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela izimpendulo zama-ovari lapho usebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-hormone futhi ulungise umthamo uma kunesidingo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nezinqubo ze-ultrasound zenziwa njalo.
Ngakho, amaqanda afinyelele ukuvuthwa aqoqwa ngenaliti elula yokufisa futhi ahlanganiswe nesidoda esithathwe kowesilisa endaweni yaselabhorethri. Ngale ndlela, ukukhulelwa kwenziwa endaweni yaselabhorethri. Ukubuyiswa kwamaqanda ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezimo lapho kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-sedation kanye ne-anesthesia yendawo.
inqubo yokuvundisa, indlela ye-IVF yakudala Ihlinzekwa ngokubeka isidoda namaqanda eceleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvundiswa kungafezwa ngokujova isidoda ngasinye eqandeni ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu sokukhulisa kakhulu ngomjovo omncane. Odokotela bazonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela efanele iziguli zabo.
Ngemva kokuvundiswa, amaqanda ashiywa ukuba akhule endaweni eshisa futhi emkhathini elawulwa isiko endaweni yaselabhorethri izinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 noma ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku ezingu-5 kuya kwezi-6. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, imibungu ekhula kahle kakhulu iyakhethwa futhi ibekwe esibelethweni.
Ukunquma inani lemibungu okufanele idluliselwe ngokuqondile kuthinta ingozi yokukhulelwa okuningi kanye nethuba lokukhulelwa. Ngalesi sizathu, inani lemibungu ezodluliswa enqubweni elandela ikhwalithi yombungu kuxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe nabashadile. Ngaphandle kwezimo ezingavamile, ukudluliswa kombungu kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia noma i-sedation.
Uyini Umkhawulo Weminyaka Ekulashwa kwe-IVF?
Ekwelashweni kwe-IVF, okokuqala, izindawo zokugcina ama-ovary zabesifazane ziyahlolwa. Ngosuku lwesithathu lokuya esikhathini, ukuhlolwa kwe-hormone kusetshenziswa ezigulini, kanye ne-ultrasound. ukuhlolwa kwama-ovarian reserves iyenziwa. Uma, ngenxa yalokhu kuhlolwa, kutholakala ukuthi izindawo zokugcina amaqanda zisesimweni esihle, akukho monakalo ekusebenziseni ukwelashwa kwe-IVF kuze kube yiminyaka engu-45.
Ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yokuguga, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlola umbungu ngokwe-chromosomes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indlela yokuxilongwa kofuzo ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwabesifazane abazoqala ukwelashwa nge-IVF ngemva kweminyaka engu-38 ubudala. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka futhi ukucacisa isimo sombungu.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-35 kwabesifazane, inani lamaqanda liyancipha. Ngemuva kwale minyaka, i-ovulation iyaphazamiseka futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, izinkinga zokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamaqanda zihlangana nazo. Ngisho noma izinqolobane ze-ovarian zilungele i-IVF, amathuba okuphumelela ku-IVF azoba aphansi kakhulu. Ngalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abesifazane abanezinkinga zokungazali bangalindi iminyaka yobudala ukuze babe nezingane futhi baqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ayikho indlela yokuqaphela ukukhulelwa ekwelapheni kwe-IVF kwabesifazane asebekhulile futhi abanezinkinga ekamelweni le-ovarian. Abesifazane abahlela ukuba nezingane sebekhulile futhi babe ne-ovarian reserves ephansi bangakhulelwa eminyakeni elandelayo ngokuqandisa kwamaqanda. Kubalulekile ukuthi abakhulelwe abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-35 bahlolwe ochwepheshe be-perinatology uma besekilasini lokukhulelwa elisengozini enkulu.
Uyini Umkhawulo Weminyaka Ye-IVF Emadodeni?
Emadodeni, ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda kuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo. Ikhwalithi yesidoda iyehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuye ngeminyaka. Abesilisa abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-55 bayancipha ukuhamba kwesidoda. Lapha, ukuwohloka kwe-DNA yesidoda ngenxa yobudala kubhekwa njengesici.
Yiziphi Izimo Ezidingekayo Zokwelashwa Kwe-IVF?
Njengoba kwaziwa, ukwelashwa kwe-IVF kukhethwa imibhangqwana etholwe inobunyumba futhi engakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokwemvelo. Ngalesi sizathu, abesifazane abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-35 kufanele bazame ukukhulelwa ngaphandle kokuvimbela inzalo unyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo se-IVF. Ngenxa yokuncipha kwemithombo yama-ovarian kwabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-1 ubudala, isikhathi sokuya ocansini sinqunywa njengezinyanga eziyisi-35. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abantu abafanele ukwelashwa kwe-IVF banjengabalandelayo;
· Abanesifo esithathelwana ngocansi
· Abesifazane abanenkinga yokuya esikhathini
· Labo amashubhu abo akhishwe ngokusebenza
· Labo abanokwehla kwezinqolobane zamaqanda
· Abantu abanokunamathela kwesibeletho noma amashubhu avaliwe ngenxa yokuhlinzwa kwesisu
· Labo abake baba ne-ectopic pregnancy ngaphambili
· Labo abanokuvuvukala kwesibeletho
Izimo ezifanele ukuthi amadoda aqale ukwelashwa kwe-IVF yilena elandelayo;
· Abantu abanomlando womndeni wezinkinga zokungazali
· Abanesifo esithathelwana ngocansi
· Labo okufanele basebenze endaweni yemisebe
· Labo abanezinkinga zokuphuma isidoda ngaphambi kwesikhathi
· Abahlinzwe amasende aphansi
Abantu abakulungele ngokugcwele ukwelashwa kwe-IVF;
· Ukuba khona kwe-hepatitis noma i-HIV komunye wabashadile
· Abantu abanokwelashwa komdlavuza
· Ukuba nesifo sofuzo komunye wabashadile
Kubani Ukwelashwa Kwe-IVF Okungasetshenziswanga?
Okungekho kuye ukwelashwa kwe-IVF Indaba ibuye izibuze abaningi.
· Uma kwenzeka kungabikho ukukhiqizwa kwesidoda ngisho nangendlela ye-TESE emadodeni angakhiqizi isidoda
· Kwabesifazane asebedlule ekunqamukeni kokuya esikhathini
· Le ndlela yokwelapha ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kubantu abakhishwe isibeletho ngokuhlinzwa okuhlukahlukene.
Yiziphi Izigaba Zokwelashwa kwe-IVF?
Abantu abafaka isicelo sokwelashwa kwe-IVF badlula ezigabeni ezimbalwa ngokulandelana ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Ukuhlolwa kodokotela
Izindaba ezedlule zabashadile abaya kudokotela ukuze bathole ukwelashwa kwe-IVF zizwakala udokotela. Khona-ke, kwenziwa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-IVF.
Ukukhuthazwa Kweqanda kanye Nokwakhiwa Kweqanda
Ngosuku lwe-2 lokuya esikhathini, omama abakhulelwe abafanele ukwelashwa kwe-IVF isidakamizwa esikhulisa amaqanda iqala. Ngale ndlela, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi inani elikhulu lamaqanda litholakala ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthuthukiswa kweqanda, izidakamizwa kufanele zisetshenziswe njalo izinsuku ezingu-8-12. Kule nqubo, kubalulekile ukuya kudokotela njalo ukuze uqaphe amaqanda.
Ukuqoqa Amaqanda
Lapho amaqanda efinyelela ubukhulu obudingekayo inaliti yokuvuthwa kweqanda nokuvuthwa kwabo. Ngemva kokuvuthwa kwamaqanda, aqoqwa ngokucophelela, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngezinqubo ezithatha imizuzu engu-15-20. Amasampula esidoda nawo athathwa kubaba ozoba ngosuku lokuqoqwa kwamaqanda. Imibhangqwana iyacelwa ukuthi ingayi ocansini izinsuku ezingama-2-5 ngaphambi kwenqubo.
Uma isidoda singatholakali kubaba I-TESE encane isidoda singatholakala nge Le ndlela isetshenziswa kubantu abangenaso isidoda emasendeni. Inqubo, ethatha imizuzu engama-30, yenziwa kalula.
Umanyolo
Phakathi kwamaqanda athathwe kumama kanye nezidoda ezithathwe kubaba, kukhethwa asezingeni eliphezulu futhi la maseli avundiswa ezindaweni zaselabhorethri. Imibungu evundisiwe kufanele igcinwe endaweni yaselabhorethri kuze kube usuku ezodluliswa ngayo.
Ukudlulisa Umbungu
Imibungu evundiswa endaweni yaselabhorethri futhi esezingeni eliphezulu idluliselwa esibelethweni sikamama phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2-6 ngemuva kokutholwa kokukhulelwa. Ngenqubo yokudlulisa, ukwelashwa kwe-IVF kubhekwa njengokuqedwa. Ezinsukwini ezingu-12 ngemva kwale nqubo, omama abakhulelwe bacelwa ukuba bahlole ukukhulelwa. Ngale ndlela, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukwelashwa kunikeza impendulo enhle noma cha.
Kubalulekile ukuthi imibhangqwana ingayi ocansini ngemuva kokudluliselwa kuze kube usuku lokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa. Kungenzeka ukuqandisa futhi usebenzise imibungu yekhwalithi esele ngemva kokudluliswa kombungu. Ngakho-ke, uma kungekho ukukhulelwa ekwelashweni kokuqala, imisebenzi yokudlulisa ingenziwa nemibungu esele.
Yiziphi Izinto Ezithinta Isilinganiso Sempumelelo Ekwelashweni kwe-IVF?
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezithinta izinga lempumelelo yokwelashwa kwe-IVF.
· Izinkinga zokungazali ezingachazeki
· Yomibili imibhangqwana ebhemayo
· Ukucindezeleka, ukudla okungenamsoco, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
· Abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35
· Isici sesisindo esiphezulu
· Ama-polyps, ama-fibroids, ukunamathela noma i-endometriosis evimbela ukunamathela esibelethweni
· Ukuncipha kwama-ovarian reserves
· Ukuba nezinkinga ezithile esibelethweni namashubhu e-fallopian
· Ikhwalithi yesidoda engalungile
· Izinkinga ngezivikeli mzimba ezilimaza isidoda noma ama-ovari
· Ukuncipha kwesidoda kanye nezinkinga nokugcinwa kwesidoda
I-embryo ibekwa kanjani esibelethweni ngemuva kokuvundiswa kwamaqanda?
Ukudluliselwa kweqanda elivundisiwe lingene esibelethweni kuyinqubo elula kakhulu futhi yesikhashana. Phakathi nale nqubo, i-catheter yepulasitiki encane ifakwa emlonyeni wesibeletho kuqala udokotela. Ngenxa yaleli catheter, kungenzeka ukudlulisela umbungu esibelethweni sikamama. Kungenzeka ukuthola ama-embryo amaningi kunalokho okudingekayo ngenxa yezinaliti ezikhulayo zeqanda ezifakwe ohlelweni ngaphambi kwenqubo. Kulokhu, imibungu yekhwalithi esele ingaqandiswa futhi igcinwe.
Ingabe Ukuqoqwa Kweqanda Kubuhlungu?
i-ultrasound yangasese Ingenwa kuma-ovari ngosizo lwezinaliti ezikhethekile. Kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi izakhiwo ezigcwele uketshezi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-follicles, lapho amaqanda atholakala khona, ziyakhishwa. Lawa manzi athathwa ngenaliti adluliselwa eshubhu.
Uketshezi olukushubhu luqukethe amangqamuzana amancane kakhulu angabonwa ngesibonakhulu. Nakuba inqubo yokuqoqa amaqanda ingenabuhlungu, izinqubo zenziwa ngaphansi kokukhanya noma i-anesthesia evamile ukuze iziguli zingazizwa zikhululekile.
Kufanele baphumule isikhathi esingakanani omama abakhulelwe ngemva kokudluliselwa kombungu?
Thumela ukudluliselwa kombungu Kubalulekile ukuthi omama abakhulelwe baphumule imizuzu yokuqala engu-45. Awukho umonakalo ekuphumeni esibhedlela ngemva kwemizuzu engu-45. Ngemva kwalokho, omama abakhulelwe abadingi ukuphumula.
Omama abakhulelwe bangaqhubeka kalula nomsebenzi wabo nemisebenzi. Ngemva kokudluliselwa, omama abakhulelwe kufanele baqhelelane nokuzivocavoca okunzima kanye nemisebenzi efana nokuhamba ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangaqhubeka nempilo yabo evamile.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma isibalo sesidoda siphansi noma kungekho sidoda esitholakala ekuhlolweni kwesidoda?
Uma kwenzeka isibalo sesidoda singaphansi kwesilinganiso esifunekayo, ukuvundiswa kwe-in vitro kungenziwa ngendlela yokujova nge-microinjection. Ngenxa yale ndlela, ukuvundiswa kungenzeka ngisho noma kutholakala inani elincane lesidoda. Uma singekho isidoda esidodeni, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuthungathwe isidoda emasendeni.
Yiziphi Izingozi Zokwelashwa kwe-IVF?
Izingozi zokwelashwa kwe-IVFIkhona, nakuba incane, kuzo zonke izigaba zokwelashwa. Njengoba imiphumela engemihle yemithi esetshenziswayo ngokuvamile isezingeni elibekezelelekayo, ayibangeli zinkinga.
Ekwelashweni kwe-IVF, izingozi eziningi zokukhulelwa zingenzeka uma umbungu ongaphezu kowodwa udluliselwa esibelethweni sikamama abakhulelwe. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhulelwa okuningi kwenzeka kokukodwa kwemizamo emine ye-IVF.
Ngokocwaningo lwesayensi, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi indlela ye-IVF inyusa kancane ingozi yokuzalwa kwezingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ezizalwe zinesisindo esiphansi.
I-Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ingase yenzeke komama abakhulelwe abalashwa nge-FSH ukuze baqalise ukuthuthukiswa kweqanda ngendlela ye-IVF.
Ukwelashwa kwe-IVF yaseTurkey
Njengoba iTurkey iphumelela kakhulu ekwelashweni kwe-IVF, izivakashi eziningi zezokwelapha zikhetha ukuphathwa kuleli zwe. Ukwengeza, njengoba imali yangaphandle iphezulu lapha, izindleko zokwelashwa, ukudla, ukuphuza kanye nendawo yokuhlala zithengeka kakhulu kulabo abavela phesheya. Ukwelashwa kwe-IVF yaseTurkey Ungaxhumana nathi ngolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana.
Shiya Amazwana